Abstract: The research on fish epidermal mucus ingredients had made certain progress in recent years, such as complement and interferon against bacteria indirectly, as well as lectins, lysozyme and non-specific immune factors against bacteria directly. However, the research on fish epidermal mucus antimicrobial peptides was less. Fish epidermal mucus antimicrobial peptides were important parts of innate immunity to bacterial invasion.Except for broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, epidermal mucus antimicrobial peptides have more biological activities on the resistance of fungi, virus, parasite and tumor, but scarcely induce drug resistance, which shows an obvious application prospect. It was summarized progress of antimicrobial peptides on antibacterial activity, purification, gene engineering, mechanism of action and application prospect on the food industry.