Abstract: SPME- GC- MS was used to analysis volatile components of Capsella bursa- pastoris and the extraction conditions were investigated.Experimental results showed that the optimal SPME extraction time and temperature were 40 min and 50℃,while the desorption time and temperature were 3min and 250℃ by using DVB / CAR / PDMS fiber.A total of 64 volatile components were identified mainly of which were aldehydes,alcohols,hydrocarbons and other compounds including sulfide and heterocycle. The characteristic volatile components of Capsella bursa-pastoris were disulfide,dimethyl; Hexanal; 3- Hexen- 1- ol; 2- Hexenal,( E)-; Dimethyl trisulfide; Cyclohexanol,2,6- dimethyl-; 3- Buten-2- one,4-( 2,6,6- trimethyl-1- cyclohexen-1- yl)- and so on.