紫马铃薯全粉加工技术研究
Study on the processing technology for purple potato granules
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摘要: 目的:为完善紫马铃薯全粉的加工技术,提高产品品质。方法:对紫马铃薯全粉品质的影响因素和花青素含量的变化进行研究,并对产品品质进行评价。结果:通过正交实验优化发现,将紫马铃薯进行分拣清洗、去皮、切片护色、蒸煮、60℃下干燥10h,粉碎60~80目,紫马铃薯全粉得率为20.69%;产品为深紫色,颗粒组织均匀细腻,具有浓郁的鲜薯泥香味,有润滑的沙质口感,无其他杂质;紫马铃薯全粉中淀粉占54.50%,蛋白质占7.30%,总多酚含量为466.40mg/100g,花青素含量为348.03mg/100g,其中花青素保存较多;在紫马铃薯全粉加工过程中,蒸煮和干燥处理对花青素影响最大,是生产的关键环节。结论:采用本工艺能得到品质较优的紫马铃薯全粉产品,而高温对花青素有破坏作用,生产上尽量缩短蒸煮和干燥时间并控制干燥温度。Abstract: Purposes: This study aimed at developing production process of purple potato granules and improving the qualities of purple potato granules.Methods: The influences of factors on qualities of purple potato granules and the change of anthocyanidin during process were studied. The quality of production was also evaluated. Results:Drying temperature, drying time and comminution granularity were optimized through orthogonal experiments.Purple potatoes were processed through sorting and cleaning, peeling, color- protection, cooking and blanching, 10h drying under 60℃ and grinding to 6080 mesh to get granules of high sensory quality and the yield rate was20.69%.The starch accounted for 54.50% and the protein was 7.30% in granules and the contents of polyphenol and anthocyanidin were 466.40mg /100g and 348.03mg /100g respectively.The cooking and drying processes were key processes which were most influential to the change of anthocyanidin.Conclusions: Purple potato granules of high quality can be obtained using the optimized process.Drying temperature and drying time should be carefully controlled to improve the quality of purple potato granules.