Abstract: In order to facilitate the lubrication and cluster and to eliminate the static electricity, the dispersant of cellulose tow has to be used in the process of cellulose tow.Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was applied to analyze the microorganisms in the dispersant of cellulose tow (ST-90) , and then the effect of food preservatives on the growth of the microorganisms was investigated.The analysis of microorganisms indicated that there 170 different kinds of bacterium in the polluted ST-90, mainly including the strain from Dysgonomonast and Dehalococcoides.The result from the antibacterial experiment showed that 2.5g/L of sodium benzoate or 0.05g/L of dimethyl fumarate remarkably inhibited the microorganism growth.When sodium benzoate and dimethyl fumarate were added simultaneously (1 and 0.03g/L, 1.25 and 0.025g/L, or 1.5 and 0.01g/L) , microorganism growth in ST-90 was significantly within 30d.These results demonstrated the potential of application of food preservatives in inhibiting microorganism growth in the dispersant of cellulose tow.