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中国精品科技期刊2020
李卫, 谭蒙, 孙莉, 张迎庆. 基于细胞培养的动物性蛋白质的生产-细胞农业研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2020, 41(11): 363-368. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020.11.056
引用本文: 李卫, 谭蒙, 孙莉, 张迎庆. 基于细胞培养的动物性蛋白质的生产-细胞农业研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2020, 41(11): 363-368. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020.11.056
LI Wei, TAN Meng, SUN Li, ZHANG Ying-qing. Research Progress in Cellular Agriculture: Cell-based Animal Proteins Production[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2020, 41(11): 363-368. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020.11.056
Citation: LI Wei, TAN Meng, SUN Li, ZHANG Ying-qing. Research Progress in Cellular Agriculture: Cell-based Animal Proteins Production[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2020, 41(11): 363-368. DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020.11.056

基于细胞培养的动物性蛋白质的生产-细胞农业研究进展

Research Progress in Cellular Agriculture: Cell-based Animal Proteins Production

  • 摘要: 细胞农业是采用体外培养细胞的方式获得与传统牲畜业生物等效的农产品,可缓解传统畜牧业所造成的环境负担、食品安全及动物福利等问题,是一种可持续发展的生产方式。本文首先对基于组织工程的细胞农业生产培养肉的生产过程、细胞来源及获取方式、培养基的组成及其最新筛选技术进行综述,指出研发无动物源成份的培养基是未来的发展方向;阐述了组织支架在培养肉生产中所起的作用以及灌注法制备立体网络支架的最新进展,列举了支架制造需要解决的几个问题;分析了生物反应器放大及提高反应器内细胞密度所面临的技术问题,特别是生产高度结构化肌肉组织所需的"三维支架+灌注"式反应器放大所存在的技术难点。列举基于发酵的细胞农业生产动物性蛋白质的生产过程和特点以及存在的技术问题、产品种类及用其制备仿制肉的优势。另外,本文从生产许可、生产过程的规范化、细胞及其代谢物的安全认证、监管模式及管理部门的设置、动物福利法案的建立诸方面对细胞农业生产的安全管理进行了探讨。最后,本文从选择性生产营养和风味更佳的培养肉、生产珍稀动物肉及带有血管等高度结构化的培养肉等方面对细胞农业未来发展方向进行了展望。该文可为细胞农业领域的研发提供一定参考。

     

    Abstract: Cellular agriculture is a kind of sustainable production mode,which utilizes biotechnology to cultivate cells in vitro to obtain bioequivalent agricultural products with traditional livestock industry. It will alleviate the environmental burden,improve food safety and animal welfare concerns of stock farming. In this paper,the cellular agriculture production of cultured meat based on tissue engineering are reviewed. The production process,cell sources and acquisition methods,composition of culture medium and the latest screening technology for cultured meat are summarized. It is pointed out the development of culture medium without animal sources is the future challenge. The role of scaffolds in the production of cultured meat and the latest progress in the preparation of three-dimensional network scaffolds by perfusion method is described. Several problems needed to be solved in the manufacture of scaffolds are listed. The technical problems of enlarging the bioreactor and increasing the cell density in the bioreactor,especially the technical difficulties of enlarging the "three-dimensional scaffold+perfusion" bioreactor needed to produce highly structured muscle tissue are analyzed. Secondly,the production of animal proteins using fermentation-based cellular agriculture is introduced,including production process,characteristics,product types and existing technical problems. The advantages of fermentation-based cellular agriculture to produce imitated meat are enumerated. Thirdly,the safety management of cellular agriculture is discussed from the aspects of production license and standardization,safety certification of cells and their metabolites,supervision mode and establishment of management department,establishment of animal welfare act,etc. Finally,the future development of cellular agriculture is prospected in terms of selective production of cultured meat with better nutrition and flavor,production of rare animals meat and highly structured cultured meat with blood vessels,etc. This paper can provide some references for the research and development of cellular agriculture.

     

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