Abstract: Immunoassay technology has become one of the important method to detect pesticide residues because of its simplicity of operator,rapid detection and high throughput. The applications and relative merits of immunoassay technology in pesticide residue detection are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,colloidal gold lateral flow immunochromatography,fluorescent immunoassay,electrochemical immunosensor,surface plasmon resonance sensor and biomimetic immunity are compared. The development trends of immunoassay technology are provided in the rapid detection of pesticide residues.