Abstract: The volatile components in the different organs of Echinacea pallida, introduced in Mengzi City, Yunnan Province, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME).The composition of volatile compounds in different organs of Echinacea pallida was different, 53 compounds were identified in total. The identified components in roots, stems, leaves, capitulum and peduncles accounted for 84.269%, 93.539%, 93.289%, 93.828% and 83.860% of their total volatile components, the main components were terpenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes. The relative contents of terpenes in each organ were the highest, in roots, stems, leaves, capitulum and peduncles accounted for 51.962%, 69.561%, 66.113%, 69.728% and 58.152%. The composition of terpenes in different organs was different, the highest terpenes in roots was 16-carbondienoic acid (8.666%), followed by α-amorpha (8.407%). In stems, it was γ-cadinene (10.440%), followed by α-humulene (8.020%). In leaves, it was α-amorpha (17.609%), followed by α-humulene (5.638%). In capitulums, it was α-amorpha (7.704%), followed by caryophyllin (7.238%). In peduncles, it was caryophyllin (10.152%), followed by α-amorpha (7.255%). The research results provided a reference for the quality evaluation, product development and selection of cultivation bases of Echinacea pallida.