Abstract: To provide reference for Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies(ABFB)chilled storage,the community,relative abundance and the diversity of bacteria on the surface of ABFB were investigated by the plate separation and the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. By the plate separation and culture,33 bacterial species from 4 phyla and 21 genera were isolated and identified. They belonged to Firmicutes,Actinomycetes,Proteobacteria and Bacteriophyta,respectively. Using the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene,48 bacterial generas from 30 phylas were identified,the majority of them belonged to Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Planctomycetes,Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes,respectively. During 4 ℃ storage,the total number of colonies from the surface of ABFB increased with the storage time,and so was the abundance of bacteria. The predominant bacteria also changed with the storage time,and Pseudomonas spp. became the dominant spoilage bacterium of ABFB.