Abstract: In this study, Potentilla fruticosa leaves in different ecological areas in Qinghai province were selected as the research target. The contents and difference of bioactive components were analyzed and evaluated. The experimental results indicated that total amino acids (11.95%), total flavonoids (18.88 mg/g), polyphenols (10.6%), vitamin C (5.25 mg/100 g), catechin (1.16%), tannin (13.60%) and rutin (0.0773%) were the highest in the Potentilla fruticosa leaves in Ledu county, Qinghai province. The contents of protein was the highest in the Potentilla fruticosa leaves in yushu county, which reached 16.9%.The total amino acid (7.91%), total flavonoids (12.13%), tea polyphenols (6%), vitamin C (4.17 mg/100 g), catechin (0.20%) and rutin (0.0129%) the contents of Potentilla fruticosa leaves was lowest in Huangzhong county of Qinghai province. According to the analysis of variance, there were significant differences in the contents of components in the Potentilla fruticosa leaves in different areas (p<0.05).Four indexes (total flavonoids, catechins, vitamin C, protein) were selected by principal component analysis to represents the quality of the Potentilla fruticosa leaves. The contents of bioactive components in leaves of Potentilla fruticosa was high, which would deserve further research and development.