Abstract: The effects of 1-MCP treatment on the aroma component types and quality of Korla fragrant pear fruits during shelf life (22~25℃, and relative humidity of 80%~85%) were studied. The results showed that a total of 100 aroma components were detected in fruit with 1-MCP treated group and control group during the shelf life. Compared with shelf life of (210+3) d, the aroma components of 1.0 and 5.0 μL/L 1-MCP treatments increased 16, 15 and 14 kinds of aroma components, respectively, and 19, 14 and 7 types were added at (210+9) d. The aroma components that are suppressed during the shelf life were alcohols. Compared with shelf life (210+3) d, the relative content of fruit alcohols decreased by 90.26%, 96.48% and 91.41% in the 1.0, 5.0 μL/L 1-MCP treatment group and the control group when the shelf life was (210+9) d. The 1-MCP treatment could promote the volatilization of the aroma components of fruits, delay the decline of fruit Hue-angle, firmness and V_C content, inhibit the increase of wax content, and prolong the shelf life quality. The change of aroma components was consistent with the result of quality analysis.