Abstract: In this paper, based on the cold fresh Tan lamb as the research object, using the selective culture method, the initial phases on the chilled meat surface of Tan sheep in Yanchi, Ningxia were determined as Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Brchothrix thermosphacta and Lactobacillus, and the dominant bacteria was Pseudomonas followed by Enterobacter. The differential metabolites were obtained by gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry ( GC-TOF-MS) in combination with the members of the group.Principal component analysis was used to discuss the relationship between the microbial community and their metabolites.The results of principal component analysis showed that it had greater relevance between Pseudomonas and D-glyceric acid and phenylalanine, and the relationships of D-glyceric acid and phenylalanine as well as flora and metabolite had shown a positive correlation tendency. The correlation coefficient matrix was positive. The relevance between glucose-1-phosphate, Inosine-5'-monophosphate and Lactobacillus was significant. Among the metabolites of glucose 1-phosphate and 5'-inosinic acid showed a positive correlation, and the metabolites and bacteria showed a negative correlation. The correlation coefficient matrix was negative. Meanwhile, aspartic acid, asparagine, ribose and acetanilide had great interrelation with Enterobacter and Brchothrix thermosphacta. The metabolites of asparagine, acetanilide had the negative correlation with and ribose and bacterium group, while the aspartic acid and bacterium group had the positive correlation.The metabolite of aspartic acid had negative correlation with asparagine and ribose, positive correlation with acetanilide.This paper provides a theoretical reference for revealing the inner mechanism of colony change, reference for the construction of cold fresh meat molecular ecology theory.