Abstract: Protein powder and milk powder is a kind of food that pregnant women and infants are particularly concerned.The adulterated phenomenon of milk powder and protein powder is very serious and variable.This phenomenon is a serious threat to physical health of consumer.This paper summarized several important detection methods of the non- protein component adulteration (melamine, etc) , the heterologous protein adulteration (soybean protein, etc) , milk- derived protein adulteration (whey powder, etc) and non- fat adulteration and compared with advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of authentication.