Abstract: Escherichia coli is naturally found in the intestinal tracts of human and various kinds of animals. Once E.coli was detected in food or drinking water, it means that the food or drinking water may directly or indirectly polluted by manure. E. coli is worldly admitted as a hygienic monitoring indicator. In recent years, food safety incidents caused by E.coli occur frequently, which seriously harm to human health.Therefore, development of rapid detection methods and control techniques of Escherichia coli have great significance.This paper summarized the thesis that published in recent years, from the aspect of food safety incidents which affected by E.coli and its biological detection methods of E.coli.