Abstract: Medium-chain triglyceride as an structured lipid of efficient digestion and absorption as well as low energy fat of controlling fat absorption, not only can control obese and reduce the blood serum cholesterol, but also can inhibit the organization cholesteric sediments. Compares with the ordinary vegetable oil, medium - chain triglyceride has special nutritional value, medicinal and physiological functions, which is mainly due to its unique physicochemical properties and metabolic pathways. The physicochemical properties, preparation, metabolism characteristics and physiological functions of medium -chain triglycerides were described in this paper, in order to provide useful reference value for its application in some areas such as food, pharmaceutical and Daily-use chemical industry.