Abstract: Examined the antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin. Disc diffusion method and agar well - diffusion method were used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and various extracts (methanol extract, acetone extract and acetoacetate extract) of R. aesculifolia, respectively. The results indicated that the essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Pneumoniae (with (29.11±0. 31) mm inhibition zone diameter) . The oil was found to possess high antimicrobial activities against Bacillus megaterium (26. 77±0.35) mm and Rhodotorula glatinis (26.20±0.62) mm. Among the different extracts, acetone and methanol extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against all tested microbial species, especially against Candida lipolytica. The essential oil and extracts of R. aesculifolia has potential utilities as a natural antibacterial substance, and it is of worth for further study.