Abstract: Truffles belong to a family of fungi that grow underground in a symbiotic relationship with the higher plants. In taxonomy, they belong to tuber, tuberaceae, tuberales of ascomycetina. Truffles have a wide range of physiological activities, including oxidation resistance, anti-pathogenic microorganism activity, liver protection, resistance to mutagenesis, antitumor and regulation of menstrual cycle and sexual function in females, et al. In this review, the physiological activities of Truffles and research progress of obtaining active substances were introduced in detail. The problems existing in the current research of active substances in truffles were investigated and its development prospect was proposed.