Abstract: Some effective components found in extracts of bamboo leaves were reviewed, including flavonoids, active polysaccharides, special amino acid, mineral elements, volatile oils and other components. The industrial technology of extraction and purification of effective components from bamboo leaves were introduced. The biological activities of bamboo leaves extracts were highlighted, including protecting vascular system, antioxidant function, antibacterial properties, enhancing immunity, inhibition of nitrosation and improving memory deficit. Finally, the application potential of extracts of bamboo leaves was prospected in the fields of functional foods.