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中国精品科技期刊2020

冷萃咖啡制备技术及其风味特征研究进展

高敏 蔡妍培 吴继红 王一盛 黄春 劳菲

高敏,蔡妍培,吴继红,等. 冷萃咖啡制备技术及其风味特征研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(3):508−521. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040063
引用本文: 高敏,蔡妍培,吴继红,等. 冷萃咖啡制备技术及其风味特征研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(3):508−521. doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040063
GAO Min, CAI Yanpei, WU Jihong, et al. Research Progress on Preparation Technology and Flavor Characteristics of Cold Brew Coffee[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 508−521. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040063
Citation: GAO Min, CAI Yanpei, WU Jihong, et al. Research Progress on Preparation Technology and Flavor Characteristics of Cold Brew Coffee[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 508−521. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:  10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040063

冷萃咖啡制备技术及其风味特征研究进展

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040063
基金项目: 中国农业大学兴化健康食品产业研究院开放基金(201907);“中国农业大学2115人才工程”。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    高敏(1996−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:gaomin_1996@163.com

    通讯作者:

    劳菲(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬加工与品质控制,E-mail:fei.lao@cau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TS201.2

Research Progress on Preparation Technology and Flavor Characteristics of Cold Brew Coffee

  • 摘要: 冷萃咖啡是指用冷水或冰水浸泡或滴加至烘焙咖啡粉所得的具有咖啡风味的液体。近两年其线上的销售量呈爆发式增长,深受青年一代的喜爱。相比传统的热冲咖啡,冷萃咖啡具有更加顺滑的口感和更少的苦味。对冷萃咖啡制备技术、风味化学成分和感官特征的科学研究近年来才逐渐兴起,围绕以上三个研究切入点简单介绍了现有冷萃咖啡的基本类型,全面总结了冷萃咖啡制备及其风味改良的相关技术专利,并系统介绍了评价冷萃咖啡品质的常用指标和工艺参数,综述了冷萃咖啡感官描述和典型咖啡特征风味化合物,为冷萃咖啡的规模化生产和进一步推广提供理论参考和实践指导。
  • 图  1  冷萃咖啡的常规冲泡方法

    Figure  1.  Conventional methods for cold brew coffee preparation

    注:冰滴法(左)和浸泡法(右)。

    图  2  冷萃咖啡生产工艺流程图

    Figure  2.  Process flowchart of cold brew coffee

    表  1  不同货架期延长技术对冷萃咖啡灭菌效果、贮藏期限及品质变化的影响

    Table  1.   Effect of different shelf life extension techniques on cold brew coffee microbial reduction, shelf life and quality change

    处理技术工艺参数总菌数减少值(CFU/mL)贮藏期限品质变化(t0
    急速冷却[9]−18 ℃,60 min881.77 d后显示出
    微生物污染
    与未处理样品相比,绿原酸含量降低11%,总挥发性化合物含量显著降低至20.1 mg/kg(未处理样品24.6 mg/kg),具有水果香气的关键挥发性物质乙酸糠酯含量降低了25%,感官表现出强烈的酸味和咸味
    紫外线照射[9]25±5 ℃温度下,1 cm咖啡液在254 nm低压汞灯下照射890.7 7 d后显示出
    微生物污染
    pH4.98±0.02,显著高于未处理和其他处理样品,
    风味感知与未处理样品较相似
    微滤[9]1500 g/m2,5 μm标称截止过滤,600 mL/min流速99030 d后显示出超过微生物接受限度的霉菌存在(103 CFU/mL)与未处理样品相比,具有麦芽香气的关键挥发性物质2-甲基丁醛含量降低了20%,感官表现出强烈的苦味
    巴氏杀菌[9]65 ℃,30 min>995 四个月与未处理样品在pH、咖啡因、绿原酸和挥发性风味物质含量差异不显著,风味感知与未处理样品较相似
    高压处理[9]200 s加压到608 MPa,
    保持6 min
    >995 四个月与未处理样品在pH、咖啡因、绿原酸和挥发性风味物质含量差异不显著,风味感知与未处理样品较相似
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  基于新型食品加工技术(不含装备)的冷萃咖啡风味改良国内外专利汇总

    Table  2.   Summary of domestic and foreign patents for flavor improvement of cold brew coffee based on new food processing technology (excluding equipment)

    编号国别专利申请号申请/公开年份专利名称申请单位/申请人专利信息概述法律状态
    1中国CN201610421797.12016/2016一种高品质咖啡浓缩液的生产方法大闽食品(漳州)
    有限公司
    采用逆流冷萃、冷冻浓缩结合CO2
    填充等非热加工技术。
    已授权
    2欧洲EP2017064021W2017/2017A nitrogen infused high yield soluble coffee and methods thereofNestec SA [CH]注入氮的高产率咖啡HYC,脱水碳水化合物含量在25%~42%w/w之间。已授权
    3美国US201716462297A2017/2022Roast and ground coffee powder and methods of making thereofNestec SA [CH]涉及烘焙和研磨,在5 min内制备出
    冷萃咖啡。
    已授权
    4中国CN201810497357.32018/2018不同咖啡萃取方式特
    征标志物及其筛选方
    法与应用
    中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所液相色谱-质谱技术应用于咖啡冲泡
    方式的鉴别。
    已授权
    5美国US201816004448A2018/2020Cold brew compositions and methodsEwing Todd [US]混合冷水、咖啡豆、甜味剂和用作乳液稳定剂的膳食纤维;研磨混合物0.5~3.0 min,风味和颜色同时溶进水相。已授权
    6中国CN201911405499.32019/2020一种天然产物的脉冲压力冷萃方法中国农业大学脉冲压力冷萃技术,提取不同极性
    天然产物。
    实质审查生效
    7欧洲EP19204121A2019/2021Cold-brew coffee extracts and methods of producing the sameMaster cold brewer
    Ag [CH]
    咖啡豆加入低温水形成悬浮液,分多步湿磨至平均粒径小于100 μm,取液相得冷泡咖啡提取物;提取时间短至几分钟。进入欧洲阶段
    8中国CN202010129738.32020/2020一种高香速溶冷萃咖啡粉的制备方法大闽食品(漳州)
    有限公司
    投料至柱式保温高压萃取罐,进行分段萃取,收集头道液和末道液混合,经冻干过筛到高香速溶冷萃咖啡粉。实质审查生效
    9中国CN202010837229.62020/2021冰滴冷萃植物原料萃取液的萃取方法及其应用优特比咖啡(天津)
    有限公司
    用低温水以每分钟40~120滴匀速滴滤研磨颗粒,萃取用时8~12 h。实质审查生效
    10中国CN202011122555.52020/2021一种冷萃咖啡的制备
    方法
    苏州金猫咖啡
    有限公司
    用低温水连续负压萃取预湿的咖啡粉。实质审查生效
    11中国CN202011121669.82020/2021一种冷萃冷冻咖啡粉的制备方法苏州金猫咖啡
    有限公司
    用低温水连续负压萃取预湿的咖啡粉,
    浓缩所得咖啡液,冻干。
    实质审查生效
    12中国CN202011469741.62020/2021一种冷萃方法魔饮咖啡(青岛)
    有限公司
    多次喷洒水,控制时间和水量达到传统冷萃工艺的效果。实质审查生效
    13中国CN202110842969.32021/2021使用温和高压快速制备冷萃咖啡的方法中国农业大学咖啡粉注入低温水,置于高压二氧化碳
    容器进行处理。
    实质审查生效
    14韩国KR20210101184A2021/2021Method for producing supercritical cold brew coffee with flavor송현咖啡豆泡在150 bar压力处理的水中
    5 min后,再经10 min超临界合成
    二氧化碳处理。
    已授权
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  基于原料复配改良冷萃咖啡风味的国内外专利汇总

    Table  3.   Summary of domestic and foreign patents based on compounding of raw materials to improve the flavor of cold brew coffee

    编号国别专利申请号申请/公开年份专利名称申请单位/申请人专利信息概述法律状态
    1韩国KR20140032076A2014/2016Manufacturing method of dutch coffee with blueberry extract이준화添加蓝莓花色苷,味道和香气均衡协调,添加皂角,长期保管不会产生沉淀。已授权
    2韩国KR20140067290A2014/2016Manufacturing method
    of dutch coffee
    가톨릭관동대학교산학협력단将海洋深层水作为萃取溶剂制成
    冷萃咖啡,加入碱性离子水,长期
    保存风味不变。
    已授权
    3韩国KR20150052085A2015/2015Manufacturing method
    of coffee podwer using sambung nyawa
    Haslla art world Co [KR]含有平卧绞股蓝,保持咖啡原有味道和香气,比一般咖啡更能感受到柔和、丰富的味道和香气。已授权
    4中国CN201910575314.72019/2019一种薄荷咖啡的配制方法深圳春沐源控股
    有限公司
    添加新鲜薄荷叶研磨成的薄荷汁,
    使得咖啡口感不局限于香醇浓厚。
    实质审查生效
    5中国CN202022465805.72020/2021含有茯苓提取物的高浓度咖啡饮料萃取装置杭州俐生美健康科技
    有限公司
    含有茯苓提取物的高浓度咖啡
    饮料萃取装置。
    已授权
    6中国CN202110539476.22021/2021一种抗疲劳功能性风味冷萃咖啡及其制备方法普洱丰华联合实业发展有限责任公司以咖啡豆和酶解红枣汁为主要原料,
    兼具咖啡和红枣汁风味。
    实质审查生效
    7中国CN202110160586.82021/2021一种芝士咖啡的制备方法上海亮靓生物科技
    有限公司
    芝士和其它辅料及咖啡在冷萃低温
    中结合成萃取液,水融性好。
    实质审查生效
    8中国CN202111108108.92021/2022一种具有保健功效的咖啡饮品及其制备方法上海应用技术大学咖啡萃取物2份、中草药40份、
    净化水200份和功能低聚糖1份。
    实质审查生效
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  冷萃与热冲提取对咖啡特征挥发性风味物质含量的影响

    Table  4.   Effect of cold and hot brew on coffee characteristic volatile flavor compounds

    CAS化合物感官描述[9, 43-45]香气活性值OAV[9]品种含量(mg/100 mL;mg/kg*
    冷萃咖啡热冲咖啡
    吡嗪类
    109-08-02-甲基吡嗪酚类(phenolic)、烟味(smoky)、香料味(spicy)/阿拉比卡0.11~0.20[33]、0.43×10−2~1.49×10−2[38]0.30~0.40[33]
    13925-00-32-乙基吡嗪坚果味(nutty)、霉味(musty)、烘焙味(roasted)/阿拉比卡0.48×10−1~0.74×10−1[33]1.13×10−1~2.05×10−1[33]
    123-32-02,5-二甲基吡嗪坚果味(nutty)、可可味(cocoa)>1阿拉比卡1.89*[9]、1.0×10−2~3.95×10−2[36]1.0×10−2~3.22×10−2[36]
    108-50-92,6-二甲基吡嗪可可味(cocoa)、烘焙味(roasted)、坚果味(nutty)、霉味(musty)/阿拉比卡0.26~0.48[33]、0.81×10−2~2.29×10−2[38]0.93~0.95[33]
    5910-89-42,3-二甲基吡嗪坚果味(nutty)、可可味(cocoa)、烘焙味(roasted)、焦糖味(caramel)/阿拉比卡0.11×10−1~0.21×10−1[33]0.35×10−1~0.38×10−1[33]
    13238-84-12,5-二乙基吡嗪坚果味(nutty)、榛果味(hazelnut)/阿拉比卡0.6×10−3~2.9×10−3[38]/
    15707-23-02-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪坚果味(nutty)、花生味(peanuts)/阿拉比卡0.8×10−3~4.5×10−3[36]、0.33×10−2~1.08×10−2[38]1.3×10−3~3.6×10−3[36]
    13925-09-22-甲基-6-乙烯基吡嗪榛果味(hazelnut)/阿拉比卡0.28×10−1[33]/
    13925-03-62-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪烘焙味(roasted)、榛果味(hazelnut)/阿拉比卡0.15~0.28[33]0.44~0.55[33]
    13360-65-13,6-可可吡嗪可可味(cocoa)、烘焙味(roasted)、坚果味(nutty)、榛果味(hazelnut)/阿拉比卡0.14~0.32[33]、0.3×10−2~1.54×10−2[38]0.42~0.55[33]
    13925-07-03,5-可可吡嗪烧焦味(burnt)、烘焙味(roasted)、杏仁味(almond)、甜的(sweet)、坚果味(nutty)、焦糖味(caramel)、可可味(cocoa)/阿拉比卡0.5×10−3~2.3×10−3[38]/
    23747-48-05-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-环戊并
    吡嗪
    泥土味(earthy)、烘焙味(roasted)、花生味(peanuts)、坚果味(nutty)、霉味(musty)/阿拉比卡0.19×10−1~0.37×10−1[33]、0.3×10−3~1.5×10−3[38]0.49×10−1~0.52×10−1[33]
    14667-55-12,3,5-三甲基吡嗪泥土味(earthy)>1阿拉比卡2.16*[9]、0.21~0.40[33]0.75[33]
    71257-37-93,4-二氢-吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪//阿拉比卡0.28×10−1[33]/
    22047-26-32-甲基-6-乙酰吡嗪烘焙味(roasted)、可可味(cocoa)/阿拉比卡0.16×10−1~0.20×10−1[33]0.30×10−1~0.32×10−1[33]
    18217-82-82-甲基-5-[(E)-1-烯丙基]吡嗪//阿拉比卡0.21×10−1~0.34×10−1[33]0.32×10−1~0.46×10−1[33]
    98-96-4吡嗪酰胺//阿拉比卡0.10×10−1~0.14×10−1[33]/
    呋喃类
    110-00-9呋喃像醚的味道(ethereal)/阿拉比卡1.01×10−3~2.37×10−3[35]/
    98-00-0糠醇面包味(bread-like)、焦糖味(caramel)>1阿拉比卡4.94*[9]、0.811×10−1~2.259×10−1[36]
    0.6×10−2~1.91×10−2[38]
    0.836×10−1~2.211×10−1[36]
    534-22-52-甲基呋喃烟味(smoky)、香料味(spicy)>1阿拉比卡0.58*[9]、1.1×10−3~5.7×10−3[36]0.4×10−3~2.6×10−3[36]
    3208-16-02-乙基呋喃化工的(chemical)、像醚的味道(ethereal)、麦芽糖(malty)/阿拉比卡0.03~0.08[33]/
    625-86-52,5-二甲基呋喃烟味(smoky)、香料味(spicy)/阿拉比卡0.03*[9]/
    10599-69-62-甲基-5-丙酰呋喃榛果味(hazelnut)、绿色植物味(green)/阿拉比卡0.12×10−1~0.16×10−1[33]、1.0×10−4~2.4×10−3[38]/
    623-17-6乙酸糠酯水果味(fruity)>1阿拉比卡0.80*[9]、0.31×10−1[33]、2.95×10−2~6.03×10−2[36]1.98×10−2~4.38×10−2[36]
    3188-00-92-甲基二氢-3(2H)-呋喃酮甜的(sweet)、黄油味(buttery)、坚果味(nutty)/阿拉比卡0.13×10−1~0.30×10−1[33]0.44×10−1~0.51×10−1[33]
    3777-71-72-庚基呋喃绿色植物味(green)、坚果味(nutty)、烘焙味(roasted)/阿拉比卡0.15×10−1~0.37×10−1[33]/
    4412-91-33-呋喃甲醇//阿拉比卡0.73~1.09[33]1.50~1.62[33]
    1192-62-72-乙酰基呋喃甜的(sweet)、杏仁味(almond)、焦糖味(caramel)、可可味(cocoa)/阿拉比卡0.83×10−1~1.47×10−1[33]0.23~0.26[33]
    3194-15-82-丙酰基呋喃水果味(fruity)/阿拉比卡0.02[33]0.52×10−1~1.01×10−1[33]
    4466-24-42-丁基呋喃甜的(sweet)、水果味(fruity)/阿拉比卡0.25×10−1~0.50×10−1[33]0.66×10−1~1.10×10−1[33]
    98-01-1糠醛甜的(sweet)、杏仁味(almond)、木质味(woody)、坚果味(nutty)、涩口的焦糖味(caramellic with a burnt astringent nuance)/阿拉比卡0.26~0.50[33]、0.377×10−1~2.484×10−1[36]、0.32×10−2~3.54×10−2[38]0.84~1.07[33]、0.37×10−1~1.837×10−1[36]
    620-02-05-甲基呋喃醛香料味(spicy)、焦糖味(caramel)、枫糖味(maple)/阿拉比卡0.64~1.05[33]、1.86×10−2~4.90×10−2[36]、0.52×10−2~3.23×10−2[38]2.09~2.13[33]、1.83×10−2~3.59×10−2[36]
    10410-20-52-(1-羟基-1-甲基-2-氧代丙基)-2,5-二甲基呋喃-3(2H)-酮//阿拉比卡0.13×10−1~0.17×10−1[33]/
    13679-46-4甲基糠基醚烘焙咖啡味(roastedcoffee)/阿拉比卡0.40*[9]/
    1438-91-1糠基甲基硫醚烘焙味(roasted)、烧焦味(burnt)/阿拉比卡0.12*[9]/
    4437-22-3二糠基醚坚果味(nutty)、泥土味(earthy)/阿拉比卡0.24×10−1~0.82×10−1[33]、0.6×10−3~6.6×10−3[38]0.73×10−1~1.19×10−1[33]
    醛类
    122-78-1苯乙醛甜味(sweet)、花香味(floral)/阿拉比卡0.10×10−1[33]0.22×10−1~0.44×10−1[33]
    96-17-32-甲基丁醛麦芽糖(malty)>1阿拉比卡3.75*[9]、0.14×10−1~0.50×10−1[33]0.52×10−1~0.56×10−1[33]
    590-86-33-甲基丁醛麦芽糖(malty)>1阿拉比卡0.73*[9]、0.08×10−1~0.38×10−1[33]、1.59×10−2~5.62×10−2[36]0.32×10−1~0.40×10−1[33]、0.28×10−2~2.65×10−2[36]
    66-25-1正己醛蔬菜味(vegetable)、绿色植物味(green)>1阿拉比卡1.44*[9]/
    124-19-6壬醛玫瑰花味(rose)、新鲜的(fresh)、橙子味(orange)、椰子味(coconut)、坚果味(nutty)、生的(raw)/阿拉比卡0.00~8×10−4[38]/
    酮类
    600-14-62,3-戊二酮黄油味(buttery)、焦糖味(caramel)>1阿拉比卡3.84*[9]、0.16×10−1~0.49×10−1[33]、1.28×10−2~5.16×10−2[36]0.78×10−1~1.10×10−1[33]、1.51×10−2~3.12×10−2[36]
    699-83-22,6-二羟基苯乙酮//阿拉比卡0.12~0.27[33]/
    75-97-83,3-二甲基-2-丁酮//阿拉比卡0.54×10−1[33]/
    592-20-1乙酸基丙酮水果味(fruity)、黄油味(buttery)、坚果味(nutty)/阿拉比卡0.30×10−1~0.52×10−1[33]1.00×10−1[33]
    875-59-24-羟基-2-甲基苯乙酮//阿拉比卡0.15~0.35[33]0.68~0.68[33]
    1575-57-11-乙酰氧基-2-丁酮//阿拉比卡0.15×10−1~0.19×10−1[33]0.38×10−1[33]
    23726-93-4大马士酮水果味(fruity)>1阿拉比卡0.03*[9]/
    78-93-3丁酮化工的(chemical)、水果味(fruity)/阿拉比卡3.3*[9]/
    431-03-82,3-丁二酮黄油味(buttery)/阿拉比卡0.8×10−3~8.9×10−3[36]2.5×10−3~5.4×10−3[36]
    21835-01-8乙基环戊烯醇酮甜的(sweet)、焦糖味(caramel)、枫糖味(maple)、水果味(fruity)、坚果味(nutty)/阿拉比卡3×10−4~9×10−4[38]/
    38284-27-4(3E,5E)-辛-3,5-二烯-2-酮水果味(fruity)/阿拉比卡0.2×10−3~1.9×10−3[38]/
    34598-80-62,4-二甲基环戊烷-1,3-二酮//阿拉比卡0.12[33]/
    5751-48-42-甲基色原酮//阿拉比卡0.14×10−1[33]/
    酯类
    547-65-92-甲烯基丁内酯//阿拉比卡0.17×10−1[33]0.22×10−1[33]
    36760-43-7叔丁基苯基硫基甲酸酯//阿拉比卡0.43×10−1~0.57×10−1[33]1.17×10−1~1.47×10−1[33]
    79-20-9乙酸甲酯像醚的味道(ethereal)、水果味(fruity)、甜的(sweet)/阿拉比卡0.35×10−1[33]/
    6203-89-02,6-二甲基-1-环己烯-1-乙酸酯//阿拉比卡0.42×10−1[33]/
    13290-00-1N-(2-呋喃基)甘氨酸甲酯//阿拉比卡0.36×10−1[33]/
    7779-73-9异戊酸异龙脑酯木质味(woody)/阿拉比卡0.25×10−1[33]/
    119-36-8柳酸甲酯甜的(sweet)、焦糖味(caramel)、杏仁味(almond)/阿拉比卡2.19×10−2~3.15×10−2[38]/
    碳氢类
    3891-99-42,6,10-三甲基十三烷//阿拉比卡0.07×10−1~0.28×10−1[33]0.22×10−1~0.40×10−1[33]
    1921-70-62,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷//阿拉比卡0.16×10−1~0.36×10−1[33]0.62×10−1[33]
    96-37-7甲基环戊烷//阿拉比卡0.33×10−1~0.99×10−1[33]1.12×10−1~1.82×10−1[33]
    4634-87-12,6-二甲基-2,4-庚二烯//阿拉比卡0.24×10−1~0.26×10−1[33]/
    55401-75-79-十二烷基十四氢蒽//阿拉比卡0.51×10−1[33]0.97×10−1[33]
    醇类
    98-55-5α-松油醇丁香味(clove)、木质味(woody)、花香(floral)/阿拉比卡0.14×10−1~0.30×10−1[33]0.25×10−1[33]
    78-70-6芳樟醇花香(floral)、甜的(sweet)/阿拉比卡0.19×10−1~0.57×10−1[33]0.30×10−1~0.84×10−1[33]
    768-95-61-金刚醇//阿拉比卡0.29×10−1~0.63×10−1[33]0.92×10−1~0.94×10−1[33]
    60-12-8苯乙醇花香(floral)、玫瑰花味(rose)/阿拉比卡0.48×10−1~0.64×10−1[33]/
    543-49-72-庚醇柠檬(lemon)、青草味(grass)/阿拉比卡0.24×10−1[33]/
    14003-34-03-甲基-3-喹诺醇//阿拉比卡0.14×10−1[33]/
    1075-04-31-苯基-1,2-丙二醇//阿拉比卡0.68×10−1~0.93×10−1[33]/
    酸类
    503-74-2异戊酸酸味(sour)/阿拉比卡0.14[33]0.09[33]
    112-05-0壬酸绿色植物味(green)、酸味(sour)/阿拉比卡0.3×10−3~8.3×10−3[38]/
    143-07-7月桂酸椰子味(coconut)/阿拉比卡2×10−4~6×10−4[38]/
    544-63-8肉豆蔻酸椰子味(coconut)/阿拉比卡0.00~1×10−4[38]/
    334-48-5癸酸酸味(sour)、水果味(fruity)/阿拉比卡0.00~6×10−4[38]/
    硫醚类
    624-92-0二甲基二硫醚蔬菜味(vegetable)/阿拉比卡1×10−4~9×10−4[36]0.1×10−3~6×10−3[36]
    酚类
    108-95-2苯酚酚类(phenolic)、橡胶味(rubber)/阿拉比卡0.89×10−1~1.19×10−1[33]、0.7×10−3~3.9×10−3[38]/
    118-71-8麦芽酚甜的(sweet)、焦糖味(caramel)、水果味(fruity)/阿拉比卡1.3×10−3~6.5×10­3[38]/
    90-05-1愈创木酚烟味(smoky)、酚类(phenolic)>1阿拉比卡0.48*[9]、0.18~0.19[33]、1×10−3~5.7×10−3[38]0.25~0.49[33]
    7786-61-04-乙烯基愈创木酚木质味(woody)、口干的(mouthdrying)、烘焙味(roasted)、
    丁香味(clove)
    /阿拉比卡1×10−4~5×10−4[36]、1×10−4~3.5×10−3[38]1×10−4~4×10−4[36]
    96-76-42,4-二叔丁基苯酚酚类(phenolic)/阿拉比卡0.58×10−2~1.19×10−2[38]/
    1138-52-93,5-二叔丁基苯酚//阿拉比卡0.37×10−1[33]0.67×10−1[33]
    2785-89-94-乙基愈创木酚酚类(phenolic)、烟味(smoky)、木质味(woody)、丁香味(clove)/阿拉比卡0.27[33]、0.13×10−2~1.73×10−2[38]0.30~0.37[33]
    108-39-4间甲酚药味(medicinal)、木质味(woody)、酚类(phenolic)/阿拉比卡2×10−4~8×10−4[38]/
    95-48-7邻甲酚霉味(musty)、酚类(phenolic)/阿拉比卡0.39×10−1~0.51×10−1[33]/
    106-44-5对甲酚酚类(phenolic)/阿拉比卡0.37×10−1[33]1.13×10−1[33]
    杂环类
    1438-94-41-糠基吡咯蔬菜味(vegetable)、绿色植物味(green)>1阿拉比卡0.07*[9]、0.26×10−1~0.47×10−1[33]、0.1×10−3~1.7×10−3[38]/
    86688-96-2(吡咯-3-基)-乙酸//阿拉比卡0.27×10−1~1.22×10−1[33]/
    1003-29-82-吡咯甲醛可可味(cocoa)、坚果味(nutty)、烘焙味(roasted)、霉味(musty)/阿拉比卡0.24×10−1~0.28×10−1[33]、1.7×10−3~5.3×10−3[38]/
    1192-58-1N-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛坚果味(nutty)、烘焙味(roasted)/阿拉比卡0.16~0.30[33]0.43[33]
    19713-89-43,4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧醛//阿拉比卡0.26×10−1~0.40×10−1[33]1.43×10−1[33]
    932-16-12-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯坚果味(nutty)/阿拉比卡0.02*[9]、0.1×10−3~3.9×10−3[38]/
    1072-83-92-乙酰基吡咯霉味(musty)、樱桃味(cherry)、坚果味(nutty)/阿拉比卡0.11~0.19[33]、1.6×10−3~6.7×10−3[38]0.85×10−1~2.74×10−1[33]
    110-86-1吡啶酸味(sour)、陈腐味(stale)/阿拉比卡0.41~1.15[33]、0.508×10−1~1.695×10−1[38]1.21~1.66[33]
    536-78-73-乙基吡啶烟味(tobacco)、焦糖味(caramel)、烘焙味(roasted)、榛果味(hazelnut)/阿拉比卡0.09×10−2~1.11×10−2[38]/
    67402-83-91-(1(4H)-吡啶基)乙酮//阿拉比卡0.2×10−3~1.0×10−3[38]/
    6380-23-03,4-二甲氧基苯乙烯绿色植物味(green)、花香(floral)、木质味(woody)、
    水果味(fruity)
    /阿拉比卡0.20×10−1~0.48×10−1[33]、0.1×10−3~1.0×10−3[38]0.55×10−1~0.84×10−1[33]
    491-36-14-羟基喹唑啉/阿拉比卡0.19×10−1~0.50×10−1[33]0.56×10−1[33]
    注:通常认为香气活性值(Odor activity value,OAV)大于1代表对样品风味有贡献;“/”表示在参考文献中未查询到。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  冷萃与热冲对咖啡特征非挥发性风味物质含量的影响

    Table  5.   Effect of cold and hot brew on coffee characteristic nonvolatile flavor compounds

    CAS化合物品种含量
    冷萃咖啡热冲咖啡
    58-08-2咖啡因阿拉比卡121~123a[51]、94~142a[32]、75~80a[64]、6050~7900b[36]、56~60a[33]80~82a[32]、83~85a[64]、6010~7700b[36]、64~68a[33]
    罗布斯塔167~175a[51]/
    未知59~97a[38]/
    535-83-1葫芦巴碱阿拉比卡107~108a[51]、53~68a[32]、51~55a[64]、5200~6870b[36]、31~50a[33]46~47a[32]、55~56a[64]、5230~6450b[36]、49~54a[33]
    罗布斯塔58a[51]/
    未知11~33a[38]/
    906-33-25-咖啡酰奎宁酸阿拉比卡48~79a[32]、40~42a[64]、2270~2940b[36]39~43a[32]、43a[64]、2290~2790b[36]
    905-99-74-咖啡酰奎宁酸阿拉比卡30~48a[32]、34~35a[64]、2810~3700b[36]24~27a[32]、36a[64]、2780~3530b[36]
    327-97-9绿原酸阿拉比卡6780~8970b[36]、125~137a[33]6950~8710b[36]、129~153a[33]
    未知10~25a[38]/
    67-47-05-羟甲基糠醛阿拉比卡490~720b[36]500~690b[36]
    149-91-7没食子酸阿拉比卡230~490b[36]260~440b[36]
    注:a:mg/100 mL;b:mg/kg;“/”表示在参考文献中未查询到。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-04-08
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-12-13
  • 刊出日期:  2023-01-17

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