基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术的不同品种（系）橄榄香气成分研究

郑宗昊; 张向争; 傅芳浩; 孙兴; 潘腾飞; 郭志雄; 佘文琴

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022020244

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术的不同品种（系）橄榄香气成分研究

doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022020244

郑宗昊^{1, 2,},
张向争^{1, 2},
傅芳浩^{1, 2},
孙兴^{1, 2},
潘腾飞^{1, 2},
郭志雄^{1, 2},
佘文琴^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建福州 350022
2.
福建农林大学园艺产品贮运保鲜研究所，福建福州 350002

基金项目: 中央财政项目（闽财指[2021]363号）。

详细信息

作者简介:
郑宗昊（1998−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：果树生理生化与分子生物学，E-amil：964837911@qq.com

通讯作者:
佘文琴（1970−），女，博士，教授，研究方向：果树生理生化与分子生物学，E-mail：wenqinshe@163.com

中图分类号: S667.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-23

Study on Aroma Components of Canarium album of Different Cultivars Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS

ZHENG Zonghao^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Xiangzheng^{1, 2},
FU Fanghao^{1, 2},
SUN Xing^{1, 2},
PAN Tengfei^{1, 2},
GUO Zhixiong^{1, 2},
SHE Wenqin^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350022, China
2.
Institute of Storage, Transportation and Preservation of Horticultural Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

摘要

摘要: 采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪（HS-SPME-GC-MS）对不同品种（系）的橄榄果实进行香气检测分析，探究其香气成分特征。结果显示，9个橄榄品种（系）共检测出56种香气物质，均以烯烃类物质为主，占各个品种（系）总香气成分含量的78.51%~89.34%。α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、石竹烯、α-石竹烯和月桂烯等是主要的香气成分，这些香气物质奠定了橄榄的香气基础，其中石竹烯是各个品种（系）中含量高且稳定存在的香气物质。香气活性值（OAV）在不同品种（系）橄榄间也存在差异，蒎烯是构成这9个品种（系）橄榄果实香气特征的重要成分，香气类型上表现为松油香及木香。不同橄榄品种（系）在香气物质与物质含量间均存在差异，研究结果可为后期橄榄香气机理研究、育种、推广及品质创新等提供依据。
- 橄榄 /
- 品种 /
- 香气 /
- 顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术 /
- 香气活性值
Abstract: Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to detect and analyze the aroma of Canarium album of different cultivars to explore the characteristics of aroma components. The results showed that a total of 56 aroma compounds were detected in 9 kinds of C. album of different cultivars, all of which were mainly olefinic substances, accounting for 78.51%~89.34% of the content of the total aroma components of each variety. α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene and myrcene were the main aroma components. These aroma substances laid the foundation for the aroma of C. album. Among them, caryophyllene was a relatively high content and stable existence in various cultivars. There were also differences in odor activity value (OAV) among different varieties of C. album. Pinene was an important component of the aroma characteristics of C. album of these nine varieties, and the aroma types were pine oily and woody. There are differences in aroma substances and substance contents among different C. album varieties, and the research results can provide a basis for later C. album aroma mechanism research, breeding, promotion and quality innovation.
- Canarium album /
- cultivars /
- aroma /
- headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) /
- odor activity value

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图 1 不同品种（系）橄榄果实香气成分含量的热度图

Figure 1. Heat map of the contents of aroma components in Canarium album of different cultivars

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图 2 不同橄榄品种（系）香气成分主成分得分图

Figure 2. Principal component score of aroma components of Canarium album of different cultivars

注：得分散点图（R²X=0.291; R²Y= 0.18）。

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表 1 不同品种（系）橄榄的香气成分

Table 1. The aroma components of Canarium album of different cultivars

香气成分	登录号CAS	香气物质含量（μg/g）
香气成分	登录号CAS	‘清榄1号’	‘檀香’	‘长营’	‘梅埔2号’	‘揭西香榄’	‘灵峰’	‘霞溪本’	‘刘族本’	‘惠圆’
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	7785-70-8	6.133±0.883^a	0.133±0.083^d	1.905±1.589^c	0.097±0.046^d	4.002±0.942^b	0.654±0.155^cd	3.838±1.847^b	0.293±0.211^cd	0.287±0.176^cd
石竹烯 Caryophyllene	87-44-5	4.65±0.889^a	4.498±2.99^a	4.056±0.602^a	3.621±0.853^a	3.456±1.313^a	3.159±0.721^ab	4.156±1.646^a	0.817±0.36^b	2.082±0.758^ab
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	18172-67-3	1.715±0.269^a	0.644±0.387^b	0.342±0.327^bc	0.343±0.155^bc	0.204±0.085^c	0.04±0.017^c	0.178±0.077^c	0.004±0.003^c	0.035±0.027^c
α-石竹烯 α-Humulene	6753-98-6	0.646±0.142^a	0.617±0.381^a	0.442±0.023^abc	0.393±0.096^abc	0.506±0.138^abc	0.465±0.127^abc	0.67±0.304^a	0.12±0.059^c	0.232±0.058^bc
α-古巴烯 α-Copaene	3856-25-5	0.553±0.106^bc	0.23±0.157^c	0.397±0.194^c	0.166±0.047^c	1.083±0.431^b	0.386±0.075^c	2.402±0.952^a	0.028±0.011^c	0.096±0.035^c
1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2-（1-methylethenyl）-4-（1-methylethylidene）-Cyclohexane,	3242-8-8	0.333±0.065^a	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.003±0.002^b	−
大根香叶烯 D Germacrene D	37839-63-7	0.462±0.088^b	0.154±0.083^c	0.134±0.055^c	0.059±0.01^c	−	0.013±0.005^c	1.305±0.502^a	0.037±0.019^c	0.022±0.006^c
γ-榄香烯 γ-Elemene	29873-99-2	0.198±0.082^a	−	0.063±0.049^b	−	0.041±0.02^b	0.047±0.014^b	0.013±0.004^b	0.016±0.008^b	0.007±0.001^b
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	0.246±0.222^a	0.068±0.053^b	0.161±0.052^ab	0.042±0.028^b	0.103±0.041^ab	0.138±0.052^ab	0.048±0.007^b	0.022±0.01^b	0.006±0.002^b
桧烯 Sabinene	10408-16-9	0.266±0.048^bc	0.974±0.574^bc	1.35±0.421^b	0.557±0.293^cd	0.638±0.16^bcd	2.713±0.924^a	−	0.007±0.004^d	0.004±0.002^d
β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	555-10-2	−	−	−	−	0.195±0.046^b	0.501±0.139^a	0.097±0.035^c	−	−
大根香叶烯 B Germacrene B	15423-57-1	0.131±0.054	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
香树烯 Alloaromadendrene	25246-27-9	0.054±0.044^bc	0.058±0.033^bc	0.13±0.008^ab	0.02±0.015^c	0.086±0.074^abc	−	0.166±0.116^a	0.006±0.002^c	−
α-异松油烯 α-Terpinolene	586-62-9	0.051±0.011^ab	0.087±0.067^a	0.045±0.009^ab	0.009±0.004^b	0.013±0.007^b	0.057±0.018^ab	0.013±0.002^b	0.025±0.013^b	0.019±0.013^b
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	0.049±0.018^b	0.2±0.138^a	0.157±0.079^a	0.045±0.027^b	0.036±0.011^b	0.174±0.051^a	−	0.002±0.001^b	−
γ-沐萝烯 γ-Muurolene	30021-74-0	0.036±0.01^abc	0.016±0.009^cd	−	−	0.061±0.014^a	0.028±0.011^bc	0.044±0.036^ab	−	−
（-）-氧化石竹烯（−）-Caryophyllene oxide	1139-30-6	0.072±0.071^a	0.036±0.017^ab	0.04±0.013^ab	0.019±0.01^ab	0.02±0.011^ab	0.039±0.01^ab	0.045±0.036^ab	0.004±0.002^b	0.007±0.001^b
罗勒烯（Z）-β-ocimene	502-99-8	0.035±0.008^ab	0.012±0.007^cd	0.037±0.021^a	0.016±0.013^bcd	0.002±0.004^d	0.022±0.008^abc	0.022±0.007^abc	−	0.003±0.002^d
水芹烯 Phellandrene	99-83-2	0.022±0.007^c	0.006±0.001^c	0.035±0.014^c	0.011±0.002^c	0.011±0.003^c	0.647±0.164^a	0.024±0.014^c	0.374±0.21^b	0.349±0.215^b
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	0.019±0.002	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
α-松油烯 α-terpinene	99-86-5	0.021±0.008^b	0.045±0.023^b	0.048±0.034^b	0.025±0.014^b	0.014±0.003^a	−	−	−	−
（-）-α-荜澄茄油烯 α-Cubebene	17699-14-8	0.147±0.04^ab	0.234±0.172^a	0.225±0.067^ab	0.167±0.05^ab	0.328±0.177^a	0.141±0.057^ab	0.237±0.102^a	0.037±0.007^b	0.212±0.072^ab
δ-榄香烯 -Elemene	20307-84-0	0.013±0.003^a	0.003±0.002^b	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
1,1- 二甲基-3-亚甲基,2-乙烯基环己烷 2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene-Cyclohexane,	95452-08-7	0.019±0.004^a	0.009±0.006^b	−	−	−	−	0.021±0.003^a	−	−
（+）-3-蒈烯（+）-3-Carene	13466-78-9	−	0.077±0.052	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene	5989-27-5	0.443±0.168^a		0.198±0.128^b		0.203±0.116^b		0.267±0.059^b	0.483±0.237^a	0.495±0.293^a
去氢白菖烯 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethylnaphthalene	483-77-2	0.006±0.003^a	−	−	−	−	0.008±0.004^a	−	−	−
β-古巴烯 β-copaene	18612-33-4	−	−	−	−	−	0.463±0.066	−	−	−
依兰烯 Ylangene	14912-44-8	−	−	−	−	−	0.008±0.001	−	−	−
（+）-环苜蓿烯（+）-Cyclosativene	22469-52-9	−	−	−	−	0.015±0.005^a	−	0.026±0.009^a	−	−
Α-布藜烯 A-Bulnesene	31682-28-7	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.104±0.031	−	−
姜烯 α-Zingiberene	495-60-3	−	−	−	−	0.28±0.132	−	−	−	−
α-愈创木烯 α-guaiaene	3691-12-1		0.003±0.002^a					0.007±0.001^a
邻异丙基甲苯 o-Cymene	527-84-4	0.04±0.021^bc	−	−	0.043±0.024^abc	0.031±0.015^c	−	0.018±0.005^c	0.092±0.037^a	0.088±0.063^ab
对伞花烃 p-Cymene	99-87-6	−	0.078±0.053^b	0.116±0.023^b	−	−	0.169±0.047^a	−	−	−
2-异丙基-1-甲氧基-4-甲基苯 2-Isopropyl-1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene	31574-44-4	−	0.008±0.005	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
1,2-二甲基-4-乙烯基-苯 4-Ethenyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene,	27831-13-6	0.015±0.003	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
1H-Cyclopenta[1,3] cyclopropa[1,2]benzene, octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-（1-methylethyl）-, （3aS,3bR,4S,7R,7aR）-	13744-15-5	0.565±0.096^bc	0.36±0.223^cd	0.286±0.087^cd	0.179±0.039^cd	0.905±0.406^b	0.44±0.146^cd	1.389±0.523^a	0.053±0.022^d	0.228±0.098^cd
龙脑烯醛 Campholenic Aldehyde	4501-58-0	0.015±0.012^a	−	−	−	0.005±0.001^b	−	−	−	−
反式-2-己烯醛 2-Hexenal	6728-26-3	0.053±0.002^a	−	0.054±0.023^a	0.044±0.032^ab	−	−	0.033±0.022^ab	0.008±0.001^ab	0.005±0.004^ab
β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral	432-25-7	0.046±0.01^b	0.092±0.071^a	0.02±0.009^b	0.006±0.002^b	0.017±0.007^b	0.02±0.007^b	0.019±0.007^b	0.004±0.001^b	0.007±0.002^b
二氢-β-紫罗兰酮 Dihydro-β-ionone	17283-81-7	0.018±0.006	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	98-55-5	0.028±0.025^a	0.011±0.01^b	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
4-epi-cubedol	−	0.012±0.003^b	0.024±0.013^a	−	0.007±0.001^bc	0.009±0.004^bc	−	0.015±0.01^ab	−	0.004±0.001^bc
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	0.085±0.064^bc	0.447±0.287^a	0.038±0.022^c	0.012±0.007^c	0.024±0.008^c	0.244±0.116^b	0.007±0.001^c	0.002±0.001^c	−
反式-3-己烯-1-醇 3-Hexen-1-ol	928-97-2	0.032±0.01^abcde	0.007±0.006^cde	0.06±0.024^a	0.042±0.03^abc	0.051±0.033^ab	0.039±0.016^abcd	0.023±0.011^bcde	0.006±0.002^de	0.003±0.002^e
桉树醇 Cineole	470-82-6	−	0.008±0.006	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol,2-methyl-5-（1-methylethyl）-,（1R,2S,5S）-rel-	15537-55-0	−	−	−	−	−	0.073±0.038	−	−	−
2-Cyclohexen-1-ol,1-methyl-4-（1-methylethyl）-, （1R,4R）-rel-	29803-82-5	−	0.007±0.004	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
百里香酚 Thymol	89-83-8	1.299±0.227^a	1.106±0.85^ab	0.489±0.098^bcd	0.342±0.18^cd	0.564±0.157^bcd	0.452±0.108^cd	0.933±0.379^abc	0.196±0.07^d	0.097±0.064^d
4-异丙基苯甲醚 1-Isopropyl-4-methoxybenzene	4132-48-3	−	0.023±0.017^a	−	−	−	0.021±0.006^a	−	0.006±0.002^b	−
（1S,8aR）-1-异丙基-4,7-二甲基-1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢萘（1S,8aR）-1-Isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene	483-76-1	0.402±0.099^bc	0.093±0.057^cd	0.101±0.036^cd	0.066±0.023^cd	0.651±0.291^b	0.298±0.077^cd	1.221±0.424^a	0.023±0.011^d	0.032±0.007^d
1,2,4a,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-（1-甲基乙基）萘 α-Muurolene	31983-22-9	−	−	−	−	−	0.017±0.006^b	0.038±0.012^a	−	−
1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1, 6-dimethyl-4- （1-methylethyl）- Naphthalene	16728-99-7	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.017±0.008	−	−
Naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-（1-methylethyl）-,（1R,4aS,8aS）-	1460-97-5	−	−	−	−	−	0.011±0.007^a	0.013±0.004^a	−	0.004±0.001^b
辛酸乙酯 Ethyl caprylate	106-32-1	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.02±0.01	−	−
注：“−”表示该成分未检测出；表中数值为平均值±标准差；同行字母不同，表示不同品种间的差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。

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表 2 不同品种（系）橄榄香气成分的OAV值

Table 2. OAV values of aroma components in Canarium album of different cultivars

香气成分	香气阈值^{[22, 31]} （μg/g）	OAV值
香气成分	香气阈值^{[22, 31]} （μg/g）	‘清榄1号’	‘檀香’	‘长营’	‘梅埔2号’	‘揭西香榄’	‘灵峰’	‘霞溪本’	‘刘族本’	‘惠圆’
α-蒎烯	0.006	1022.28	22.28	317.58	16.31	667.09	109.15	639.76	48.93	47.89
石竹烯	0.390	11.92	11.53	10.40	9.29	8.86	8.10	10.66	2.10	5.34
β-蒎烯	0.014	122.55	46.05	24.48	24.54	14.57	2.86	12.74	0.32	2.55
α-石竹烯	0.160	4.04	3.86	2.77	2.46	3.17	2.91	4.19	0.75	1.45
月桂烯	0.015	16.40	4.59	10.76	2.85	6.89	9.20	3.22	1.52	0.42
桧烯	0.980	0.27	0.99	1.38	0.57	0.65	2.77	−	0.01	−
γ-松油烯	0.260	0.19	0.77	0.60	0.18	0.14	0.67	−	0.01	−
（-）-氧化石竹烯	0.410	0.18	0.09	0.10	0.05	0.05	0.10	0.11	0.01	0.02
罗勒烯	0.034	1.04	0.37	1.11	0.50	0.08	0.67	0.67	−	0.11
水芹烯	0.040	0.57	0.17	0.88	0.28	0.29	16.18	0.62	9.37	8.73
α-松油烯	0.085	0.26	0.54	0.57	0.30	0.18	2.41	0.25	−	−
D-柠檬烯	0.034	13.03	−	5.85	−	5.97	−	7.86	14.22	14.57
α-异松油烯	0.034	0.26	0.44	0.23	0.05	0.07	0.29	0.07	0.13	0.10
百里香酚	1.700	0.76	0.65	0.29	0.20	0.33	0.27	0.55	0.12	0.06
反式-2-己烯醛	0.017	3.13	−	3.20	2.64	−	−	1.95	0.51	0.35
对伞花烃	0.120	−	0.65	0.97	−	−	1.42	−	−	−
4-萜烯醇	0.130	0.66	3.44	0.29	0.10	0.19	1.88	0.06	0.01	−
反式-3-己烯-1-醇	0.110	0.30	0.07	0.55	0.39	0.46	0.36	0.21	0.06	0.03
α-松油醇	0.330	0.09	0.03	−	−	−	−	0.01	−	−
辛酸乙酯	0.047	−	−	−	−	−	−	0.43	−	−
注：“−”表示无法计算其OAV值。

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参考文献(31)

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